Dear Candidate,
I am sharing with you the WB SLST (Education – XI–XII) 2025 Questions with Answers and Explanations. Please note that this is only a probable answer key prepared for reference purposes. It may be changes.
The final and authentic answer key will be released by the West Bengal School Service Commission (WBSSC),
As soon as the official answer key is published by the Commission, I will update and share the same on the website.
WB SLST EDUCATION (XI-XII) 2025 Questions with answer and explanation(Exam held on 14th September, 2025)
1. Given the following series, the value of mode is —
5, 6, 3, 2, 8, 4, 7, 9, 1, 10, 11, 12, 13
(A) 13
(B) 12
(C) 9
(D) Not defined
✅ Answer: (D) Not defined
Explanation: Mode = most frequently occurring value. Here, each number appears once → no mode → Not defined.
2. A common feature of Brahmanic and Buddhist philosophy of education is belief about —
(A) the unreality of the world.
(B) the existence of God.
(C) the soul.
(D) karma and rebirth.
✅ Answer: (D) karma and rebirth
Explanation: Both Brahmanic & Buddhist traditions emphasized karma (actions) and rebirth (reincarnation) as a basis of existence and education.
3. Which commission found Secondary Education to be bookish, mechanical, stereotyped and lack of diversified courses?
(A) University Education Commission
(B) Mudaliar Commission
(C) Kothari Commission
(D) Knowledge Commission
✅ Answer: (B) Mudaliar Commission
Explanation: Mudaliar Commission (1952-53) reviewed secondary education in India and criticized it as bookish, mechanical, and stereotyped, recommending diversification of courses.
4. Statistics can —
(A) Prove anything
(B) Disprove anything
(C) Neither prove nor disprove anything — is just a tool
(D) None of the above
✅ Answer: (C) Neither prove nor disprove anything — is just a tool
Explanation: Statistics is a tool for data collection, organization, analysis & interpretation. It cannot prove/disprove by itself; interpretation depends on human reasoning.
5. At higher primary stage, according to Kothari Commission, there should be —
(A) one language
(B) two languages
(C) three languages
(D) only mother language
✅ Answer: (C) three languages
Explanation: Kothari Commission (1964–66) recommended the Three-Language Formula:
- Regional language (mother tongue)
- Hindi
- English (or another modern language).
6. According to psychoanalytical thinker, the process of socialization is closely identified with —
(A) Ego development
(B) Id development
(C) Superego development
(D) None of the above
✅ Answer: (C) Superego development
Explanation: In Freud’s psychoanalysis, socialization involves internalizing societal norms & morals, i.e., Superego development.
7. Application of general principles of sociology in the process of education is known as —
(A) Educational Sociology
(B) Social Foundations of Education
(C) Sociology of Education
(D) Educational Foundations of Society
✅ Answer: (A) Educational Sociology
Explanation:
- Educational Sociology: Studies how society influences education and how education influences society.
- Sociology of Education is broader, dealing with education as a social institution.
Thus, applying sociology principles directly to education = Educational Sociology.
8. The first English newspaper in India was started by —
(A) William Carey
(B) William Ward
(C) James Hicky
(D) James Long
✅ Answer: (C) James Hicky
Explanation:
- Hicky’s Bengal Gazette (1780) → first English newspaper in India, founded by James Augustus Hicky in Calcutta.
- William Carey & William Ward were missionaries but not founders of newspapers.
9. What are the causes of maladjustment?
(I) Personal
(II) Habitual
(III) Social
(IV) School/institutional factor
Select the code:
(A) (I), (II) and (III)
(B) (II), (III) and (IV)
(C) (I), (III) and (IV)
(D) (I), (II) and (IV)
✅ Answer: (A) (I), (II) and (III)
Explanation:
- Personal causes: poor self-concept, emotional instability.
- Habitual causes: bad habits, addictions.
- Social causes: family disputes, peer pressure.
- School/institutional factor is indirect; not the primary cause in classical psychology.
10. Quartile deviation equals to —
(A) 2/3S
(B) 1/3S
(C) 1S
(D) Zero
✅ Answer: (B) 1/3S
Explanation:
- Quartile Deviation (Q.D.) = Semi-Interquartile Range = (Q3−Q1)/2.
- For a normal distribution, Q.D. ≈ ⅓ of Standard Deviation (S).
11. “Everything is provisional; nothing ultimate”—depending upon this thought, curriculum should be —
(A) Fixed
(B) Definite
(C) Activity-based
(D) Indefinite
✅ Answer: (D) Indefinite
Explanation:
Since knowledge is always changing and nothing is final, curriculum must remain flexible/indefinite to accommodate new ideas and discoveries. A fixed curriculum would contradict this philosophy.
12. “Faith, faith, faith in ourselves and faith in God — this is the secret of greatness”— it was the belief of —
(A) Swami Vivekananda
(B) Mahatma Gandhi
(C) Rabindranath Tagore
(D) Froebel
✅ Answer: (A) Swami Vivekananda
Explanation:
Swami Vivekananda strongly emphasized self-confidence and faith in God as the foundation of strength and greatness, especially in his speeches and writings.
13. Which one is not a subjective determinant of attention?
(A) Intensity
(B) Interest
(C) Instinct
(D) Mindset
✅ Answer: (A) Intensity
Explanation:
- Subjective determinants of attention = interest, instinct, mindset (internal factors within the individual).
- Intensity (external strength of stimulus) is an objective determinant, not subjective.
14. The correct sequence of Vedic age is —
(A) Age of Sutra literature → Rigvedic age → Post Vedic age
(B) Rigvedic age → Sutra literature age → Post Vedic age
(C) Rigvedic age → Post Vedic age → Sutra literature age
(D) Post Vedic age → Rigvedic age → Sutra literature age
✅ Answer: (C) Rigvedic age → Post Vedic age → Sutra literature age
Explanation:
- First: Rigvedic Age (1500–1000 BCE).
- Next: Post Vedic Age (1000–600 BCE).
- Last: Sutra Literature Age (later Vedic texts, ~600 BCE onwards).
15. Which of the following Articles of the Indian Constitution is related to educational provision for weaker sections of Indian Society?
(A) Article 45
(B) Article 46
(C) Article 21
(D) Article 13
✅ Answer: (B) Article 46
Explanation:
- Article 46 (Directive Principles) directs the State to promote educational and economic interests of weaker sections, especially SCs and STs.
- Article 45: free and compulsory education for children (later replaced by Article 21A).
- Article 21: right to life.
- Article 13: laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights are void.
16. The Sargent Report emphasized the importance of —
(A) inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream education.
(B) segregation of students with disabilities.
(C) limited educational opportunities for students with disabilities.
(D) ignoring the needs of students with disabilities.
✅ Answer: (A) inclusion of students with disabilities in mainstream education
Explanation:
The Sargent Report (1944) highlighted the need for universal and inclusive education, ensuring that even students with disabilities should be integrated into mainstream education rather than segregated or ignored.
17. How many task forces were set up by Indian Education Commission?
(A) 10
(B) 8
(C) 12
(D) 20
✅ Answer: (C) 12
Explanation:
The Indian Education Commission (1964–66), also called the Kothari Commission, established 12 task forces to work on different aspects of education like general education, higher education, teacher education, etc.
18. Which of the following alternatives are most relevant in the context of Equality of Educational Opportunity?
(I) Ensuring equality of good quality education irrespective of caste, colour and religion.
(II) Providing financial assistance and other support services to the needy.
(III) Ensuring utilization of welfare schemes for low income and educationally disadvantaged group.
(IV) Ensuring equal treatment irrespective of capability.
Code:
(A) (I), (III), (IV)
(B) (I), (II), (IV)
(C) (II), (III), (IV)
(D) (II), (III), (IV)
✅ Answer: (A) (I), (III), (IV)
Explanation:
Equality of educational opportunity means:
- (I) Equal access to good quality education.
- (III) Utilization of welfare schemes for disadvantaged groups.
- (IV) Equal treatment irrespective of capability.
Option (II) (financial assistance) is supportive but not considered core principle under this context.
19. The right order of the structure of mind according to Freud is —
(A) Superego → Id → Ego
(B) Ego → Superego → Id
(C) Id → Ego → Superego
(D) Id → Superego → Ego
✅ Answer: (C) Id → Ego → Superego
Explanation:
According to Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory:
- Id = primitive desires, pleasure principle.
- Ego = rational self, reality principle.
- Superego = moral conscience.
Thus, the development of mind follows the sequence: Id → Ego → Superego.
20. In the context of mass media, ‘mass’ stands for —
(A) expensive
(B) multiple way
(C) aggregate of people
(D) area or span
✅ Answer: (C) aggregate of people
Explanation:
In mass communication, “mass” refers to a large audience or group of people who receive the same message through media channels like TV, radio, newspaper, internet etc.
21. Evaluation is the process of —
(A) learning
(B) gathering and interpreting evidence on changes in behaviour
(C) gathering data
(D) progress in performance
✅ Answer: (B) gathering and interpreting evidence on changes in behaviour
Explanation:
Evaluation means systematically collecting and analyzing information to judge the effectiveness of teaching and learning by looking at behavioural changes and outcomes, not just data collection.
22. Which one is not a cause of forgetting?
(A) Active grief or pleasure
(B) Lack of exercise
(C) Retroactive interference
(D) Lack of rehearsal
✅ Answer: (B) Lack of exercise
Explanation:
Forgetting usually occurs due to:
- Retroactive interference (new learning interfering with old),
- Lack of rehearsal,
- Emotional stress (grief/pleasure).
But physical exercise is not directly a cause of forgetting.
23. Eclectic Counselling was introduced by —
(A) Carl Rogers
(B) Frederick Charles Thorne
(C) E. G. Williamson
(D) Anna Freud
✅ Answer: (B) Frederick Charles Thorne
Explanation:
Eclectic Counselling (1930s) was proposed by F. C. Thorne. It combines techniques of directive, non-directive, and other methods depending on the needs of the client.
24. Spontaneous recovery will grow weaker if no reinforcement is provided after —
(A) Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
(B) Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
(C) Conditioned Response (CR)
(D) Unconditioned Response (UR)
✅ Answer: (C) Conditioned Response (CR)
Explanation:
Spontaneous recovery = reappearance of a conditioned response after a rest period. But if reinforcement is absent, the CR weakens gradually until extinction occurs.
25. What is more crucial for bringing about a desired social change in India?
(A) Development of physical resources
(B) Development of human resources
(C) Development of social resources
(D) Development of natural resources
✅ Answer: (B) Development of human resources
Explanation:
India’s progress depends more on human resource development (education, health, skill building). Physical or natural resources matter, but without educated and skilled people, social change cannot be effective.
26. Men’s Sana Corporo Sana means —
(A) Sound body in a sound mind
(B) Sound mind in a sound body
(C) Sound emotion in a sound mind
(D) Sound emotion with sound motive
✅ Answer: (B) Sound mind in a sound body
Explanation:
The Latin proverb “Mens sana in corpore sano” translates to “A healthy mind in a healthy body.” It stresses that mental health and physical health are interconnected.
27. The most important characteristic of a society is —
(A) Inter-communication
(B) Mutual Influence
(C) Inter-personal Relationship
(D) Individual Approach
✅ Answer: (C) Inter-personal Relationship
Explanation:
A society is primarily based on relationships among individuals. Communication and mutual influence are parts of it, but the core foundation of society is human inter-personal relationships.
28. Assertion (A): Average mental health is not similar to healthy being.
Reason (R): Mental health implies fitness rather than freedom from illness.
Options:
(A) Both (A) and (R) are true
(B) (A) is true
(C) (R) is true
(D) (A) is true but (R) is false
✅ Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are true
Explanation:
- Average mental health ≠ truly healthy state, because “average” may still include problems.
- True mental health = positive well-being and fitness, not merely absence of illness.
Hence, both A and R are correct.
29. Which one of the following is not used to test achievement?
(A) Interest inventory
(B) Standardized test
(C) Teacher-made test
(D) Criterion Reference test
✅ Answer: (A) Interest inventory
Explanation:
- Achievement tests measure what students have learned (e.g., standardized tests, teacher-made tests, criterion-referenced tests).
- Interest inventory measures personal likes, preferences, and interests, not achievement.
30. Secondary Education Commission recommended schooling of General Education is —
(A) 12 years
(B) 10 years
(C) 13 years
(D) 8 years
✅ Answer: (A) 12 years
Explanation:
The Secondary Education Commission (1952–53) under Dr. A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar recommended 12 years of general education (8 years elementary + 4 years secondary). This shaped the 10+2 pattern later adopted in India.
31. Common School System means —
(A) A school open to all children irrespective of caste, creed, community, religion, economic or social status.
(B) An informal system with proper maintenance of quality.
(C) A school with very low tuition fee.
(D) A school for economically weaker section of the society.
✅ Answer: (A) A school open to all children irrespective of caste, creed, community, religion, economic or social status
Explanation:
The Common School System (CSS) concept, recommended by the Kothari Commission (1964–66), ensures equitable education for all children without discrimination based on caste, class, or religion.
32. The formula for calculating T-score is —
(A) T = 50 + 2z
(B) T = 5 + 10z
(C) T = 50 + 10z
(D) T = 50 – 10z
✅ Answer: (C) T = 50 + 10z
Explanation:
The T-score formula is:
T=50+10zT = 50 + 10z
- It is a type of standard score.
- Mean is set at 50 and standard deviation at 10.
- Used widely in educational and psychological testing.
33. Which of the following energize individual to exhibit goal-directed behaviour and to pursue happiness?
(A) Distress
(B) Acute stress
(C) Eustress
(D) Chronic stress
✅ Answer: (C) Eustress
Explanation:
- Eustress = positive stress that motivates a person to achieve goals.
- Distress / chronic stress = harmful stress.
Thus, eustress helps in productivity and happiness.
34. Which commission recommended the establishment of Dhaka University?
(A) Indian University Commission, 1902
(B) Hunter Commission
(C) Sadler Commission
(D) Macaulay Minute
✅ Answer: (C) Sadler Commission
Explanation:
- The Sadler Commission (1917–19) was appointed to study Calcutta University reforms.
- It also recommended the establishment of Dhaka University (established in 1921).
35. Which one is not a curriculum model?
(A) Taba Model
(B) Lawton Model
(C) Ausubel Model
(D) Waqar Model
✅ Answer: (C) Ausubel Model
Explanation:
- Curriculum Models: Taba, Lawton, Waqar.
- Ausubel is known for Advance Organizer theory in learning psychology, not a curriculum model.
36. A dominated and over-protected child is likely to be —
(A) Aggressive
(B) Delinquent
(C) Quarrelsome
(D) Withdrawn
✅ Answer: (D) Withdrawn
Explanation:
Overprotection and domination limit a child’s independence, leading to lack of confidence, dependency, and withdrawal from social interactions. Aggression/delinquency are usually linked to neglect, not overprotection.
37. Measurement means —
(A) Assessment of complete actual behaviour
(B) Assignment of numerals to objects or events
(C) Interpreting scores on the basis of value judgment
(D) Understanding overall performance of a student
✅ Answer: (B) Assignment of numerals to objects or events
Explanation:
- Measurement = assigning numbers/symbols to objects, events, or attributes according to rules.
- Evaluation involves value judgments, not measurement.
Thus, option (B) is the correct definition.
38. Programmed Learning is based on —
(A) Field Theory
(B) Operant Conditioning Theory
(C) Gestalt Learning Theory
(D) Classical Conditioning Theory
✅ Answer: (B) Operant Conditioning Theory
Explanation:
- Developed by B. F. Skinner, Programmed Learning involves step-by-step learning, immediate feedback, and reinforcement.
- Based on Operant Conditioning, where correct responses are rewarded.
39. Which of the following is not the function of mental hygiene?
(A) Preservative
(B) Creative
(C) Preventive
(D) Prescriptive
✅ Answer: (A) Preservative
Explanation:
- Functions of mental hygiene = Preventive, Creative, Prescriptive.
- “Preservative” is not considered a standard function.
40. In which theory of personality, the trait and types have been combined?
(A) Allport’s theory
(B) Eysenck’s theory
(C) Cattell’s theory
(D) Digman’s theory
✅ Answer: (B) Eysenck’s theory
Explanation:
- Eysenck’s theory combines traits and types of personality.
- Allport = trait approach;
- Cattell = 16 personality factors;
- Digman = Big Five model.
41. Which of the following is not an essential principle of education as per the thoughts of Rabindranath Tagore?
(A) Giving freedom
(B) Facilitating creative self-expression
(C) Keeping authoritarian leadership
(D) Fostering Internationalism
✅ Answer: (C) Keeping authoritarian leadership
Explanation:
Rabindranath Tagore’s educational philosophy emphasized:
- Freedom of child
- Creative self-expression
- Internationalism and universal brotherhood
Authoritarian leadership goes against his philosophy.
42. Who said that aim of education should be to develop feelings of international brotherhood and attitude of international understandings in children?
(A) Mahatma Gandhi
(B) Rabindranath Tagore
(C) Rousseau
(D) Swami Vivekananda
✅ Answer: (B) Rabindranath Tagore
Explanation:
- Tagore emphasized internationalism, universal brotherhood, and cultural harmony through education.
- He wanted education to remove narrow nationalism and foster global humanism.
43. Universal free and compulsory education upto 14+ is a policy of —
(A) Kothari Commission
(B) Radhakrishnan Commission
(C) NEP, 1968
(D) NEP, 1979
✅ Answer: (C) NEP, 1968
Explanation:
- The National Education Policy (1968), based on Kothari Commission’s recommendations, emphasized free and compulsory education for children up to 14 years.
- Later reaffirmed in NEP 1986 and became a constitutional right (Article 21A, RTE Act 2009).
44. Which of the following is not true relating to the concept of guidance?
(A) Guidance is conscious process.
(B) Guidance is expensive process.
(C) Guidance is supportive process.
(D) Guidance is goal-oriented process.
✅ Answer: (B) Guidance is expensive process.
Explanation:
- Guidance is: conscious, continuous, goal-oriented, and supportive to learners.
- It is not necessarily expensive; it’s a part of effective education, not a costly process.
45. Method of Basic Education is —
(A) Learning by doing
(B) Integrated method
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) Project method
✅ Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)
Explanation:
- Gandhiji’s Basic Education (Wardha Scheme) focused on Learning by Doing (productive manual work) and integrated method (linking subjects with activity).
- Project method is related but not the core of Gandhiji’s Basic Education.
46. Macaulay’s Minute was presented to —
(A) The British Parliament
(B) The Governor General of India
(C) The East India Company
(D) A group of Indian Scholars
✅ Answer: (C) The East India Company
Explanation:
- Thomas Babington Macaulay’s Minute on Indian Education (1835) recommended English education.
- It was presented to the East India Company’s Council, presided by Governor-General Lord William Bentinck.
47. The age range of ‘Junior Basic’ stage in Basic Education System of Gandhiji was —
(A) 4–10 years
(B) 5–10 years
(C) 5–11 years
(D) 6–11 years
✅ Answer: (B) 5–10 years
Explanation:
- In Gandhiji’s Basic Education (Wardha Scheme):
- Junior Basic Stage: 5–10 years
- Senior Basic Stage: 11–14 years
- This division matched with primary + upper primary levels.
48. Merit of objective type test include —
(A) High reliability
(B) Easy to construct
(C) Assessment of higher-order thinking
(D) Can measure all skills
✅ Answer: (A) High reliability
Explanation:
- Objective type tests (MCQs, true/false, matching) are highly reliable, as they reduce examiner bias and ensure consistency.
- They are not easy to construct (B is wrong).
- They mostly test factual recall, not higher-order thinking (C is wrong).
- They cannot measure all skills like creativity, expression, etc. (D is wrong).
49. Achievement test is designed to —
(A) Measure the extent to which the objectives of a particular content is achieved.
(B) Measure the general ability of a person at a given time.
(C) Find out the difficult areas of learning faced by the pupils.
(D) Identify abilities of a person to perform a particular task.
✅ Answer: (A) Measure the extent to which the objectives of a particular content is achieved.
Explanation:
- Achievement test measures how far a student has achieved learning objectives of a subject (e.g., school exams, board exams).
- Aptitude/ability tests measure potential (B, D).
- Diagnostic tests find learning difficulties (C).
50. ‘Episodic Memory’ means —
(A) Memory of a concept.
(B) Memory of an incident / a period.
(C) Memory of long-term.
(D) Memory of procedural events.
✅ Answer: (B) Memory of an incident / a period.
Explanation:
- Episodic memory = memory of personal experiences and events (episodes of life).
- Example: remembering your birthday party, first day at school.
- Conceptual memory = semantic memory.
- Long-term memory is broader.
- Procedural memory = skills (like cycling, typing).
51. Which one of these statements is not true?
(A) Fluid intelligence includes ability to think creatively.
(B) Fluid intelligence is strongly influenced by heredity.
(C) Fluid intelligence refers to accumulated knowledge and its application.
(D) Fluid intelligence works as hardware of our brains that determine the limits of information processing capabilities.
✅ Answer: (C) Fluid intelligence refers to accumulated knowledge and its application.
Explanation:
- Fluid intelligence = ability to reason, solve new problems, think abstractly, independent of prior learning.
- Crystallized intelligence = accumulated knowledge and experience → (C is wrong, because that describes crystallized, not fluid).
- Hence, (C) is not true.
52. Which one has the minimum place in traditional curriculum?
(A) Subject
(B) Syllabus
(C) Experience and activity of the learner
(D) Textbook
✅ Answer: (C) Experience and activity of the learner
Explanation:
- Traditional curriculum = subject-centered.
- It gives importance to textbooks, syllabus, and subjects.
- Learner’s activity and experience had almost no role.
53. The most powerful constraint in attaining universalization of Primary Education in India is related to —
(A) Caste Consideration
(B) Regional Politics
(C) Availability of Teachers
(D) Allocation of Funds
✅ Answer: (D) Allocation of Funds
Explanation:
- Lack of financial resources is the biggest obstacle in providing free and compulsory education to all children in India.
- Shortage of funds affects teacher recruitment, infrastructure, and facilities.
54. Which of the following is the most unstable average?
(A) Median
(B) Arithmetic Mean
(C) Mode
(D) Geometric Mean
✅ Answer: (C) Mode
Explanation:
- Mode = most frequently occurring value.
- It is highly unstable because a small change in data may alter it.
- Arithmetic mean and median are comparatively stable.
- Geometric mean is also more consistent than mode.
55. One of the remarkable contributions of Vidyasagar in the field of education was building Normal School. This type of school aimed to promote —
(A) Women Education
(B) Rural Education
(C) Children Education
(D) Teacher Education
✅ Answer: (D) Teacher Education
Explanation:
- Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar established Normal Schools to train teachers.
- Their main objective was to provide teacher education so that quality primary education could spread.
56. Characteristics of Vivekananda’s philosophy of education include —
(A) Naturalism
(B) Idealism
(C) Pragmatism
(D) Both Naturalism and Pragmatism
✅ Answer: (D) Both Naturalism and Pragmatism
Explanation:
- Swami Vivekananda emphasized man-making education combining spirituality with practical skills.
- He accepted Naturalism (education according to nature, self-development) and Pragmatism (practical utility, action-oriented).
57. Which of the following measures of central tendency cannot be represented graphically?
(A) Arithmetic Mean
(B) Mode
(C) Median
(D) Quartile
✅ Answer: (A) Arithmetic Mean
Explanation:
- Median, Mode, Quartile → can be represented graphically (using ogive, histogram, cumulative frequency curve).
- Arithmetic Mean → requires calculation, not graphical representation.
58. Which is the most important element of education according to Pragmatism?
(A) Spirituality
(B) Value
(C) Action
(D) Self-realization
✅ Answer: (C) Action
Explanation:
- Pragmatism believes in “Learning by Doing”.
- Knowledge comes through experience and practical action.
- Hence, Action (Kriya/Karma) is the key element in Pragmatist education.
59. In a school, a class teacher daily talks to his/her students relating to better use of library and laboratory to improve performance in the subject. This is an example of —
(A) Personal guidance
(B) Educational guidance
(C) Directive counselling
(D) Eclectic counselling
✅ Answer: (B) Educational guidance
Explanation:
- Guidance related to academic improvement, study habits, use of library/lab, performance in subject = Educational Guidance.
- Personal guidance → deals with personal/social problems.
- Directive counselling → teacher-centered solution.
- Eclectic counselling → combines directive + non-directive.
60. Which of the following is not the type of nature as given by Rousseau?
(A) Psychological Nature
(B) Biological Nature
(C) Spiritual Nature
(D) Physical Nature
✅ Answer: (C) Spiritual Nature
Explanation:
- According to Jean Jacques Rousseau, child’s nature is of three types:
- Physical nature (body, senses)
- Psychological nature (mind, emotions)
- Biological nature (growth, instincts).
- Spiritual nature was not included in Rousseau’s classification.
