EDUCATION (XI-XII)
WBSLST QUESTION PAPER
2016
- True education according to pragmatism is
(A) education for self-upliftment
(B) education to live for the society
(C) education for self-actualization
(D) education for self-fulfilment
Answer: (B) education to live for the society
Explanation: Pragmatism emphasizes practical life preparation and social responsibility. Education should enable learners to contribute positively to society, not only focus on personal gains.
- Upon which is the teaching method of Froebel based?
(A) Child’s ability
(B) Child’s activity
(C) Drawing out child’s inner ability through gift and occupation
(D) Diductive mechanism
Answer: (B) Child’s activity
Explanation: Friedrich Froebel, the founder of kindergarten, believed children learn best through active engagement, play, and hands-on activities, which help develop creativity and understanding.
- Which has been given maximum importance in the modern definition of curriculum?
(A) Selection of content
(B) Organisation of the contents
(C) Activity of the learner
(D) Moral development of the learner
Answer: (C) Activity of the learner
Explanation: Modern curriculum design focuses on learner-centered education, where the active participation of students in the learning process is more important than just deciding the subject content or arrangement.
- Which one is most helpful in the development of self-imposed discipline in educational institutions?
(A) Adopting right rules and regulations
(B) Granting complete freedom
(C) Strict imposition of discipline
(D) Participation of everyone in adopting rules
Answer: (B) Granting complete freedom
Explanation: Self-imposed discipline comes from the ability to make independent choices and accept responsibility for one’s own actions. Allowing complete freedom within reasonable limits encourages internal regulation rather than dependence on external enforcement.
- The real meaning of motor development is
(A) development of skills
(B) increasing muscular strength
(C) learning of drawing, writing etc.
(D) learning to play
Answer: (A) development of skills
Explanation: Motor development involves acquiring and refining movement abilities, such as coordination, balance, and control of muscles. It covers both gross motor skills (e.g., running, jumping) and fine motor skills (e.g., writing, buttoning clothes).
- “Discipline must be based on and controlled by love.” — Who said this?
(A) Herbert Spencer
(B) John Dewey
(C) Pestalozzi
(D) Froebel
Answer: (C) Pestalozzi
Explanation: Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, a Swiss educator, emphasized that discipline should stem from love and moral guidance rather than fear or authoritarian control, creating a caring learning environment.
- Education is the environment of …….. According to pragmatism, which word is most suitable here?
(A) Ideal
(B) Knowledge
(C) Experience
(D) Thought
Answer: (C) Experience
Explanation: Pragmatism stresses “learning by doing” and considers education to be rooted in real-life experiences. Learners develop understanding and skills more effectively through active participation in meaningful activities.
- Which concept is not included in the Freud’s theory?
(A) Primitive drive
(B) Ego
(C) Regression
(D) Pleasure principle
Answer: (A) Primitive drive
Explanation: Freud’s psychoanalytic theory includes concepts like the id, ego, superego, regression, and the pleasure principle. While Freud discussed instinctual drives, the specific term “primitive drive” is not a recognized concept in his main theoretical framework.
- When was the National Education Policy declared first?
(A) 1952
(B) 1956
(C) 1964
(D) 1968
Answer: (D) 1968
Explanation: India’s first National Policy on Education (NPE) was introduced in 1968, under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, based on recommendations from the Kothari Commission, with a focus on promoting national integration and equalizing educational opportunities.
- ‘A’ and ‘B’ course was recommended by
(A) Mudaliar Commission
(B) Wood’s Despatch
(C) Hunter Commission
(D) Sadler Commission
Answer: (C) Hunter Commission
Explanation: The Hunter Commission of 1882 reviewed primary and secondary education in India and recommended the introduction of ‘A’ and ‘B’ courses to cater to different academic and vocational needs of students.
- The two major features of secondary groups are
(A) physical proximity and personal relation
(B) indirect relation and impersonality
(C) indirect relation and indirect communication
(D) direct relation and smallness
Answer: (B) indirect relation and impersonality
Explanation: Secondary groups, such as professional associations or large organizations, are characterized by indirect relationships and impersonal interactions. Members typically engage for specific goals or formal purposes, rather than close, personal bonds as seen in primary groups.
- When Median is the measure of central tendency, which one is the most suitable measure of dispersion?
(A) Standard deviation
(B) Mean deviation
(C) Quartile deviation
(D) Range
Answer: (C) Quartile deviation
Explanation: When the median is used as the central tendency, the best measure of dispersion is quartile deviation (also called semi-interquartile range). This is because both median and quartile deviation are based on positional values rather than numerical means, making them consistent.
- The full form of G.C.P.I. is
(A) General Commission of Public Instruction
(B) General Committee of Public Instruction
(C) General Committee of Public Institution
(D) General Committee of Private Institution
Answer: (B) General Committee of Public Instruction
Explanation: G.C.P.I. stands for General Committee of Public Instruction, which was part of the colonial educational administration responsible for overseeing the development and supervision of public education in British India.
- In which year was the Rammurti Committee appointed?
(A) 1992
(B) 1993
(C) 1996
(D) 1997
Answer: (A) 1992
Explanation: The Rammurti Committee was appointed in 1992 by the Government of India to review the implementation of the 1986 National Policy on Education and to recommend modifications and measures for improving the education system. It was chaired by Acharya Ramamurti.
- Which one of the works of Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar laid the foundation of mass education?
(A) Vyakaran Koumudi
(B) Sitar Vanabas
(C) Bhranti Vilas
(D) Varna Parichay
Answer: (D) Varna Parichay
Explanation: Varna Parichay is a Bengali primer authored by Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, which played a crucial role in promoting literacy and mass education in Bengal. It was simple, easy to understand, and widely used for teaching reading and writing.
- When is the term ‘Kurtosis’ used for a distribution?
(A) Maximum number of scores are in the central part
(B) Maximum scores are on the right side
(C) Maximum scores are on the left side
(D) Scores are evenly distributed
Answer: (A) Maximum number of scores are in the central part
Explanation: Kurtosis measures the “peakedness” of a distribution. A high kurtosis value means most scores are clustered around the central peak, while low kurtosis indicates a flatter distribution.
- What is meant by adjustment?
(A) To live along the environment
(B) To live along with others
(C) Internal integrity
(D) Ignoring inner urge
Answer: (A) To live along the environment
Explanation: In psychology, adjustment refers to the process of adapting to environmental conditions. It involves modifying one’s behavior or mindset to maintain balance and harmony with surroundings, ensuring effective coping with changes and challenges.
- Which one is a form of Anxiety?
(A) Phobia
(B) Bulimia
(C) Insomnia
(D) Anorexia
Answer: (A) Phobia
Explanation: A phobia is an intense, irrational fear of specific objects, situations, or activities. It is classified as an anxiety disorder because the fear triggers heightened anxiety responses and avoidance behaviors.
- If a student’s marks has the rank of 85th percentile, then which one is correct?
(A) He has secured 85% marks
(B) His average marks is 85
(C) 85% of students scored higher than him
(D) 85% of students have scored lower than him
Answer: (D) 85% of students have scored lower than him
Explanation: In percentile ranking, the 85th percentile means the student’s score is higher than 85% of all other scores. It does not mean the student has 85 marks or 85% marks.
- Which one is not a type of counselling?
(A) Directive
(B) Non-directive
(C) Mental
(D) Eclectic
Answer: (C) Mental
Explanation: Directive, non-directive, and eclectic are recognized types of counselling approaches. “Mental” is not a counselling method; rather, it is an adjective describing the mind or psychological state.
- Who was the first Education Minister of independent India?
(A) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
(B) C. D. Deshmukh
(C) K. L. Shrimali
(D) Humayun Kabir
Answer: (A) Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Explanation: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad served as the first Education Minister of independent India from 1947 to 1958. He played a major role in establishing institutions like IITs, UGC, and promoting primary education.
- In which year was the Asiatic Society established?
(A) 1754
(B) 1764
(C) 1774
(D) 1784
Answer: (D) 1784
Explanation: The Asiatic Society was founded in 1784 in Calcutta by Sir William Jones. Its purpose was to promote Oriental studies, including literature, history, and culture of Asia.
- Who is the author of the book ‘Counselling and Therapy’?
(A) Freud
(B) Carl Rogers
(C) Watson
(D) G. E. Smith
Answer: (B) Carl Rogers
Explanation: Carl Rogers, an influential American psychologist, is known for his humanistic approach to therapy. His works on counselling and therapy emphasized empathy, unconditional positive regard, and active listening.
- To which concept of Psychology are the terms Maintenance Rehearsal and Elaborative Rehearsal connected?
(A) Attention
(B) Motivation
(C) Memory
(D) Perception
Answer: (C) Memory
Explanation: Maintenance rehearsal (repetition) and elaborative rehearsal (linking new information to existing knowledge) are memory techniques used to transfer information from short-term to long-term memory.
- Which one is an example of divided attention?
(A) Attending phone and writing
(B) Driving and looking ahead
(C) Comparing two photos
(D) Thinking more than one points
Answer: (A) Attending phone and writing
Explanation: Divided attention refers to focusing on two tasks simultaneously. Attending a phone call while writing involves splitting attention between two activities, making it a perfect example.
- Which one of the following does not feature in the Max Weber’s concept of social stratification?
(A) Education
(B) Income and health
(C) Political power
(D) Social prestige
Answer: (B) Income and health
Explanation: Max Weber’s concept of social stratification is based on class (economic status), status (prestige), and power (political influence). While income relates to class, health is not a direct factor in his model.
- Which one of the following is a defence mechanism?
(A) Denial
(B) Association
(C) Cooperation
(D) Aggression
Answer: (A) Denial
Explanation: In psychology, a defence mechanism is an unconscious process to reduce anxiety. Denial involves refusing to accept reality or facts, protecting the individual from emotional distress.
- Maximum mental ill health is found in
(A) large joint families
(B) poor families
(C) broken families
(D) small unitary families
Answer: (C) Broken families
Explanation: Broken families, where relationships are disrupted or absent, often create emotional instability and lack of support, which are major contributors to mental health problems.
- The most appropriate method of estimating reliability of test having all the items equally difficult or easy is
(A) re-test
(B) split-half
(C) internal consistence
(D) none of these
Answer: (C) internal consistence
Explanation: When all test items are equally difficult or easy, internal consistency (such as Cronbach’s alpha) is the best measure of reliability because it evaluates the consistency of responses across all items.
- Dearborn Form Board Test consists of
(A) ten designs and 16 cubes
(B) grooved wooden plank with geometrical figures
(C) grooved wooden planks and 16 cubes
(D) ten geometrical figures and 16 cubes
Answer: (D) ten geometrical figures and 16 cubes
Explanation: The Dearborn Form Board Test is a performance test involving 10 geometric figures and 16 cubes, used to measure learning ability, problem-solving, and perceptual-motor coordination.
- Raven’s Intelligence test is a
(A) performance test
(B) speed test
(C) self-reporting test
(D) test without time limit
Answer: (A) performance test
Explanation: Raven’s Progressive Matrices is a performance-based intelligence test that measures abstract reasoning and problem-solving skills without relying heavily on language, making it suitable across cultures.
- If the peak of a normal curve does not feature in exactly the mid-point of distribution, then how is this distribution named?
(A) Leptokurtic
(B) Platykurtic
(C) Skewed
(D) Free from skewness
Answer: (C) Skewed
Explanation: In a perfectly normal distribution, the peak lies exactly at the midpoint. If it is shifted to one side, the distribution is skewed, meaning it is asymmetrical.
- Who is not associated with Gestalt theory?
(A) Max Weber
(B) Max Wertheimer
(C) Kurt Koffka
(D) Kohler
Answer: (A) Max Weber
Explanation: Gestalt psychology was founded by Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka, and Wolfgang Köhler. Max Weber was a sociologist, not a psychologist associated with Gestalt theory.
- What was the most important characteristic of Islamic education in Medieval age?
(A) Royal patronage
(B) Easy
(C) Religious base
(D) Equality
Answer: (C) Religious base
Explanation: Medieval Islamic education was primarily based on religious teachings of the Quran and Hadith, with madrassas focusing on theology and law.
- When was the concept of Mental Age added to the Binet-Simon Intelligence test?
(A) 1902
(B) 1905
(C) 1911
(D) 1916
Answer: (B) 1905
Explanation: The concept of Mental Age—a measure comparing a person’s intellectual performance to the average for a specific chronological age—was introduced by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon in 1905 during the development of their first intelligence scale.
- Who divided personality along introversion-extroversion for the first time?
(A) Jung
(B) Cattell
(C) Freud
(D) Eysenck
Answer: (A) Jung
Explanation: Carl Jung first introduced the terms introversion and extroversion in his personality theory, describing them as two opposite attitudes toward energy direction and social interaction.
- Why are Essay type tests not valid?
(A) Too lengthy
(B) Take too much time
(C) Objectives are not specified
(D) Requires too much reading
Answer: (C) Objectives are not specified
Explanation: Essay type tests are often criticized for not specifying clear objectives, leading to subjectivity in marking and reduced reliability in measuring specific learning outcomes.
- Who contributed the method of Product Moment?
(A) Pearson
(B) Spearman
(C) Galton
(D) Guilford
Answer: (A) Pearson
Explanation: Karl Pearson developed the Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, a statistical method to measure the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables.
- Who was a member of the University Education Commission (1948)?
(A) Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee
(B) P.C. Mahalanobis
(C) Meghnad Saha
(D) Satyendranath Bose
Answer: (C) Meghnad Saha
Explanation: Meghnad Saha, the eminent Indian astrophysicist, was one of the members of the University Education Commission of 1948, chaired by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan.
- TAT was invented by
(A) Morgan
(B) Morgan and Murray
(C) Murray
(D) Morgan and Thorndike
Answer: (B) Morgan and Murray
Explanation: The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) was developed by Henry A. Murray and Christiana D. Morgan in the 1930s as a projective psychological test to reveal underlying motives, concerns, and personality traits.
- In West Bengal Primary Teachers’ Training is conducted by
(A) Calcutta University
(B) Board of Primary Education
(C) State Government Education Department
(D) NCTE
Answer: (D) NCTE
Explanation: In West Bengal, Primary Teachers’ Training programs are regulated and recognized by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) to ensure standardization and quality in teacher preparation.
- Upanayan as a system is
(A) only the beginning of education
(B) the end of education
(C) a religious ritual only
(D) none of these
Answer: (A) only the beginning of education
Explanation: In ancient India, Upanayan was a ceremonial initiation marking the start of a student’s formal education, particularly in Vedic learning, symbolizing entry into the ‘Brahmacharya’ stage.
- Which one of Thorndike’s laws of learning was also stressed upon in Skinner’s theory?
(A) Law of exercise
(B) Law of readiness
(C) Law of partial activity
(D) Law of effect
Answer: (D) Law of effect
Explanation: Thorndike’s Law of Effect states that behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to recur. Skinner emphasized a similar principle in his operant conditioning theory through reinforcement.
- When was the RTE Act promulgated?
(A) 2003
(B) 2005
(C) 2009
(D) 2010
Answer: (D) 2010
Explanation: The Right to Education (RTE) Act came into effect in India on April 1, 2010, making education a fundamental right for children aged 6–14 years.
- Primarily, how many types of Reinforcement are there?
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5
Answer: (A) 2
Explanation: In behaviorist psychology, there are two primary types of reinforcement — positive reinforcement (adding a rewarding stimulus) and negative reinforcement (removing an aversive stimulus).
- What is the basis of standardization of a test?
(A) Difficulty value
(B) Time based performance
(C) Group norm
(D) Personal norm
Answer: (C) Group norm
Explanation: Test standardization is based on group norms, which are average scores from a representative sample, providing a reference for interpreting individual test results.
- Which one of the Two-factor theories is measured in common intelligence tests?
(A) S
(B) G
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of these
Answer: (B) G
Explanation: In Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory of intelligence, “G” stands for general intelligence and is what common intelligence tests typically measure, while “S” refers to specific abilities.
- Which type of aim of education was emphasized by Swami Vivekananda?
(A) Theosophical
(B) Values
(C) Character building
(D) Religious
Answer: (C) Character building
Explanation: Swami Vivekananda stressed character building as the core aim of education, believing moral strength and integrity were essential for personal and national development.
- What is the methodological name of psychoanalysis?
(A) Free association
(B) Dream analysis
(C) Psycho-counselling
(D) Play therapy
Answer: (A) Free association
Explanation: Free association is a fundamental technique in Freud’s psychoanalysis, where patients freely express their thoughts to uncover unconscious conflicts and desires.
- What is the real objective of measurement process?
(A) Collection of specific data
(B) Compare small and large
(C) Compare more or less
(D) Preparing scale
Answer: (C) Compare more or less
Explanation: The core objective of measurement is comparison—to determine the extent, quantity, or degree of attributes among different individuals or groups.
- Why is television most powerful among mass media?
(A) Television programmes run 24 hours
(B) 100% of people attend television programmes
(C) Colourful and attractive programmes
(D) Television presents most credible and perceptible programmes
Answer: (D) Television presents most credible and perceptible programmes
Explanation: Television combines visual and audio elements, making messages more credible, easily understood, and impactful compared to other mass media.
- What is the real role of teachers according to constructivism?
(A) Disciplinarian
(B) Organizer of good verbal communication
(C) Observer and guide to learning
(D) Expert teaching using audio-visual aids
Answer: (C) Observer and guide to learning
Explanation: In constructivist teaching, the teacher acts as a facilitator, guiding and observing students’ learning rather than simply delivering content.
- What is the real meaning of socialization?
(A) To develop one’s opinion according to social opinion
(B) To assimilate the social rules and rituals
(C) To remain aware of the good or evils of social rules and rituals after assimilation
(D) To get prepared for effective social living
Answer: (D) To get prepared for effective social living
Explanation: Socialization is the lifelong process through which a person learns and internalizes the values, customs, norms, and skills necessary to participate effectively in society. It prepares individuals for meaningful social interaction and community life.
- Which one is not a factor of Modernisation?
(A) Industrial development
(B) Scientific knowledge
(C) Social mobility
(D) Physical mobility
Answer: (D) Physical mobility
Explanation: Modernisation involves economic, social, and cultural transformation through factors such as industrial growth, scientific advancement, and social mobility. Physical mobility, while beneficial, is not a direct factor of modernisation.
- In which document education of the disabled was given special importance for the first time?
(A) National Education Policy, 1968
(B) Kothari Commission Report
(C) National Education Policy, 1986
(D) NCTE Act, 1993
Answer: (C) National Education Policy, 1986
Explanation: The National Education Policy of 1986 was the first policy document to give special emphasis to the education of disabled children, advocating integration and equal opportunities in mainstream education.
