Preliminary ideas about acid, base, and buffer.   According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, a base is defined as: (1) Proton donor (2) Electron pair acceptor (3) Proton acceptor (4) Substance producing OH⁻ ions Answer: (3) Proton acceptor Explanation: According to Brønsted-Lowry theory, acids donate protons (H⁺) and bases accept them. A typical example is ammonia (NH₃), which accepts a proton to form NH₄⁺. This theory is broader than Arrhenius theory and applies to both aqueous and non-aqueous systems. The pH of 0.01M HCl solution is: (1) 1.0 (2) 2.0 (3) 1.5…

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